PLAB vs USMLE: Eligibility, Fees, and Format

Updated on 17 June, 2025

Shivangi Mishra

Shivangi Mishra

Sr. Content Editor

PLAB vs USMLE: Which Is Right for You as an Indian Medical Graduate?

Many Indian medical graduates ask:
Which one is easier? Which one costs less? Will I earn more in UK or USA?

PLAB leads to medical registration in UK. USMLE is the only path into a USA residency. If you're aiming for faster entry with lower cost, PLAB is more practical. But if you want long-term growth, higher salary, and competitive training, USMLE offers better returns.

Start your medical or healthcare career abroad with these relevant study options:

Looking to expand into healthcare business or AI?

Top global universities you can target after PLAB or USMLE:

New to USMLE? Start here with the USMLE exam overview and understand how the steps are structured.

PLAB vs USMLE for Indian Doctors – Overview

Feature

PLAB (UK)

USMLE (USA)

Purpose

Register with GMC to practice in UK

Get ECFMG certification to enter USA residency

Accepted In

United Kingdom

United States

Eligibility

MBBS from a GMC-approved institution

MBBS from a recognized med school + ECFMG cert

Age Limit

No upper age limit

No age limit

Cost (Total)

₹2–2.5 lakhs (approx.)

₹10–15 lakhs (including Step 1, 2, OET, travel)

Exam Structure

PLAB 1 (MCQs), PLAB 2 (OSCE-style clinical)

Step 1, Step 2 CK, Step 3 (all MCQs + clinical)

Score Validity

2 years

7 years for Step 1+2, unlimited for Step 3

Training Pathway

NHS Foundation Year 2 > Specialty Training

USA Residency (via NRMP Match)

Completion Time

1–1.5 years (average)

2–4 years (full process)

Can you take USMLE as an Indian MBBS grad? Check your USMLE eligibility here before applying.

PLAB vs USMLE: Purpose and Use Cases

What’s the main difference between PLAB vs USMLE? It’s not just geography. It’s the system you want to enter.

  • After clearing PLAB 1 and PLAB 2, you’re eligible to register with the General Medical Council (GMC) and apply for roles in the NHS. This route is ideal if your goal is to settle in UK or enter UK’s structured specialty training path
  • The USMLE route prepares you for direct entry into a USA residency program via the NRMP Match system. You must pass Step 1, Step 2 CK, and Step 3, then apply for postgraduate training. Unlike PLAB, you can’t work in the USA as a doctor without completing residency. The entire process is longer and more competitive, but offers structured growth and higher long-term pay.

If you’re comparing PLAB vs USMLE for Indian doctors, ask yourself:
Do you want a faster job entry with fewer exams (PLAB), or a full clinical training track with higher future earning potential (USMLE)?

What does USMLE test you on? Explore the full USMLE syllabus and exam coverage.

Need a Step 1-specific breakdown? Here’s what you need to know about the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Eligibility Criteria for PLAB and USMLE

The PLAB vs USMLE eligibility and age limit differ based on education, internship status, and application bodies.

PLAB vs USMLE Eligibility and Age Limit Explained

Factor

PLAB

USMLE

Registration body

GMC (UK)

ECFMG, NBME (USA)

Degree requirement

Primary medical qualification (PMQ) listed in the World Directory

MBBS or equivalent from ECFMG-recognized med school

Internship requirement

Can take PLAB 1 before internship; PLAB 2 requires completion

Can take Step 1 before internship; Step 2 CK often post-internship

Age limit

No official limit, practical range: 22–40 years

No age bar, competitive applicants typically <35

English requirement

IELTS/OET mandatory (IELTS: 7.5 overall)

No English test needed; USMLE assesses medical English within the exam

PLAB vs USMLE for Indian doctors often comes down to timing. PLAB is open earlier and quicker to complete. USMLE demands more steps and preparation but leads directly to residency.

What are the exam costs? Check the detailed USMLE fee structure including Step 1, Step 2, and ECFMG charges.

How should you prepare? Use these USMLE preparation tips and study strategies for a realistic and focused plan.

PLAB vs USMLE: Exam Structure and Number of Steps

The exam structure PLAB vs USMLE is a significant differentiator. PLAB is simpler—two exams. USMLE has three, each with higher complexity and competition.

Exam Structure PLAB vs USMLE – Steps, Format, and Attempts

Exam

Structure & Mode

Attempts

PLAB 1

180 MCQs – clinical scenarios

Computer-based (India & abroad)

4 attempts max

PLAB 2

16-station OSCE – patient interactions

In-person (UK only)

4 attempts max

USMLE Step 1

Systems-based MCQs – basic sciences

Computer-based (Prometric)

6 attempts total (max 3 per Step)

USMLE Step 2 CK

Clinical knowledge – MCQs

Computer-based

Same

USMLE Step 3

Patient management – case simulations + MCQs

2-day test, computer-based

Same

So, which is better PLAB or USMLE for you? If you prefer a shorter route to clinical work, PLAB offers that. But if you're aiming for long-term clinical training and specialization in the U.S., USMLE builds that foundation.

Curious about PLAB? Get the full PLAB exam overview and see how it compares to USMLE.

Are you eligible for PLAB? Check the PLAB eligibility criteria and registration conditions.

PLAB and USMLE Cost Comparison in 2025

Trying to decide between PLAB and USMLE? Cost is one of the biggest factors for most Indian doctors. Here’s what you’ll need to spend—from registration to travel—for each exam in 2025.

Cost of PLAB vs USMLE 2025 – Full Fee and Expense Breakdown

Cost Factor

PLAB (2025)

USMLE (2025)

Registration – Part 1/Step 1

£255 (₹27,000)

$1,000+ (₹85,000)

Registration – Part 2/Step 2 CK

£934 (₹1 lakh+) + UK travel

$1,000+ (₹85,000)

Step 3 (USMLE only)

Not applicable

$895 (₹75,000)

English test (IELTS/OET)

₹15,000–₹25,000

Not required

Total estimated cost (without coaching)

₹2.2 – ₹2.8 lakhs

₹5.5 – ₹7.5 lakhs

Test centers in India

Yes – PLAB 1 only

Yes – Step 1 and Step 2 CK

Rescheduling penalties

£25–£100 (varies by notice)

$50–$300 depending on step & timing

Cost of PLAB vs USMLE 2025 clearly shows that PLAB is more budget-friendly, especially for Indian candidates. However, USMLE leads to higher long-term earnings due to U.S. residency salaries.

Taking PLAB 1 soon? Don’t miss this complete PLAB 1 exam guide with format and tips.

Where can you take PLAB in India? Here’s a list of official PLAB test centres.

PLAB vs USMLE: Test Format and Content Differences

What’s tested—and how—is another aspect of the USMLE vs PLAB exam comparison. PLAB focuses on real-world clinical skills. USMLE emphasizes both clinical knowledge and biomedical science.

USMLE vs PLAB Exam Comparison – Format, Content, and Question Types

Feature

PLAB

USMLE

Question type

MCQs (PLAB 1), OSCE (PLAB 2)

MCQs (Step 1 & 2), simulations (Step 3)

Focus area

Practical clinical reasoning, patient communication

Pathophysiology, pharmacology, clinical decision-making

Test duration

PLAB 1: 3 hrs; PLAB 2: 3 hrs

Step 1: ~8 hrs, Step 2 CK: ~9 hrs, Step 3: 2 days

Delivery

Paper + in-person OSCE

Fully computer-based

Interface

Basic interface, less time pressure

USMLE software is complex, with time-bound blocks and NBME tools

OSCE component

Yes – PLAB 2 (UK only)

No – all USMLE steps are digital

Difficulty Level – PLAB and USMLE Compared

  • PLAB is more communication-focused (esp. in PLAB 2)
  • USMLE is knowledge-heavy with longer duration and complex interfaces
  • Prep time difference (e.g., 6–8 months vs 1–2 years)

When’s the next PLAB test? Check PLAB exam dates for 2025.

What’s the fee like? See the latest PLAB exam fees and payment process.

PLAB vs USMLE: Acceptance and Recognition in Different Countries

Wondering if PLAB vs USMLE - which one offers better opportunities glabally? While each test is tied to its home country—PLAB to UK and USMLE to the US—many international health systems also recognize these qualifications. Here's where your scores are valid beyond UK and USA, including countries like Australia, New Zealand, and the Gulf.

Where Are PLAB or USMLE Scores Accepted Internationally?

Country/Region

Exam Recognition (PLAB vs USMLE)

PLAB vs USMLE Recognition Notes

UK

PLAB accepted  

USMLE not accepted

Only PLAB leads to GMC registration

USA

PLAB not accepted 

USMLE required

USMLE is mandatory for ECFMG certification and the USA Match

Gulf Countries

PLAB accepted in some (e.g., UAE MOH) 

USMLE accepted broadly

Exam recognition varies by emirate/country

Australia

PLAB not accepted 

USMLE accepted for AMC Step 1 exemption

USMLE eases entry via AMC pathway

New Zealand

PLAB not accepted 

USMLE conditionally accepted

Requires further approvals via MCNZ

Canada

PLAB not accepted 

USMLE may offer limited exemptions with MCC

USMLE alone not sufficient; MCCQE needed

Ireland

PLAB may exempt from PRES 

USMLE considered for training roles

Both exams may support supervised roles in specific scenarios

Career Path After PLAB vs USMLE

What happens after you pass? The career paths for PLAB and USMLE are very different. PLAB leads to UK Foundation Programme and NHS jobs, while USMLE puts you in line for the USA residency Match.

Residency options after PLAB vs USMLE differ widely. UK system offers more structured entry points with fewer exams, while USA system demands strong scores across all steps but rewards with higher pay and specialization opportunities.

Residency Options After PLAB vs USMLE – Training Path Differences

Pathway Feature

PLAB (UK)

USMLE (USA)

Next Step After Exam

Apply for GMC registration

Apply for ECFMG certification

Residency Process

UK Foundation Programme (2 years)

NRMP Match (highly competitive)

Work Permit/Sponsorship

NHS may offer Tier 2 visa sponsorship

J-1 or H-1B visa needed; often sponsored by hospital

Post-Residency Career Options

Specialty training (ST1+) or service posts

Fellowship or board certification

Job Market Access

High demand in NHS, especially IM, GP, psychiatry

Highly competitive in all specialities

How do you prepare? Use these PLAB exam preparation strategies to hit your target score.

Is PLAB accepted outside UK? Explore the countries that accept PLAB for medical practice or residency.

PLAB vs USMLE: Rescheduling and Exam Attempts

Missed a test slot or didn’t get the score? PLAB allows unlimited attempts, while USMLE has strict retake limits. Rescheduling rules also differ—USMLE charges more if you delay.

Retake Rules & Rescheduling Policies – PLAB vs USMLE

Factor

PLAB Exam

USMLE Exam

Attempt Limit

PLAB 1: Up to 4 attemptsPLAB 2: 4 attempts allowed

Each Step: 4 attempts max per StepLifetime limit = 6 total attempts

Retake Cooling Period

Must wait 3 months before retaking PLAB 1

60-day wait between attempts for each Step

Rescheduling Policy

Free changes ≥28 days before testFee applies for late changes

Fees vary by how close you are to test date; no free rescheduling

Cancellation Policy

Partial refund if cancelled ≥28 days in advance

Refunds vary based on test center and timing

Failure Rate Impact

Failing PLAB 2 repeatedly may delay GMC registration

Failing Step 1 or Step 2 CK lowers residency match chances

Both PLAB and USMLE allow retakes—but repeated failures can delay your career path. Plan your attempts and track deadlines carefully, especially if applying for competitive programs.

Free prep tools for PLAB & USMLE – mock questions, syllabus breakdowns, and timelines.

Still deciding between PLAB and USMLE? Speak with an expert to choose and plan your next step.

FAQs: PLAB vs USMLE for Indian Students

Can I take both PLAB and USMLE for broader options?

Yes. Many Indian doctors attempt both PLAB and USMLE to keep options open for UK and USA. This strategy works if you want flexibility in international career planning.

Is PLAB valid in USA or USMLE valid in UK?

No. PLAB is valid only in UK, and USMLE is accepted only in USA. The two exams do not substitute for each other. You must clear the country-specific exam to practice medicine there.

Which exam has a higher pass rate for Indian doctors: PLAB vs USMLE?

PLAB has a higher pass rate for Indian graduates compared to USMLE, mainly due to its simpler structure and single licensing requirement. However, PLAB vs USMLE for Indian doctors depends on your preferred healthcare system and long-term plans.

Can I switch from PLAB to USMLE after passing?

Yes, but passing PLAB does not exempt you from USMLE eligibility or steps. You’ll need to start the USMLE process independently, including ECFMG registration and Step 1.

What’s the cost difference between PLAB 2 and USMLE Step 2 CK?

In 2025, PLAB 2 costs around £934, while USMLE Step 2 CK costs over $1000 for international students. The cost of PLAB vs USMLE 2025 adds up more in USMLE when you include registration, transcript fees, and travel to test centers.

How long is PLAB valid after passing?

After passing PLAB 2, you must secure a GMC registration within 2 years. The validity of the PLAB result is tied to licensing timelines, unlike USMLE, where steps remain valid for up to 7 years.

Is USMLE Step 1 still mandatory for Indian graduates in 2025?

Yes. USMLE Step 1 is mandatory and must be passed before attempting Step 2 CK. It tests medical concepts and systems-based knowledge and is the first step in USMLE vs PLAB exam comparison.

Do both PLAB and USMLE exams require internship completion?

PLAB requires proof of internship completion before GMC registration, while USMLE allows students to begin Step 1 preparation during MBBS. However, for residency options after PLAB vs USMLE, you must complete your internship.

Can I prepare for PLAB while doing MBBS in India?

Yes, especially PLAB 1, which is theory-based. You can prepare during MBBS final year, but PLAB vs USMLE eligibility and age limit requirements vary. USMLE allows earlier registration via ECFMG.

Which has more clinical exposure – PLAB or USMLE?

USMLE involves more clinical training post-clearance through residency in USA, whereas PLAB is just a pathway to registration. Career opportunities PLAB vs USMLE often depend on the depth of clinical training you pursue post-exam.

Where are PLAB and USMLE exams held in India?

PLAB 1 is held in cities like New Delhi and Bangalore. USMLE Step 1 and 2 CK are offered at Prometric test centers in India. Exam structure PLAB vs USMLE includes different test environments—OSCE for PLAB, computer-based for USMLE.

Is a gap after MBBS acceptable for PLAB/USMLE?

Yes, but large gaps may raise red flags in GMC or ECFMG documentation. Both exams accept candidates with gaps if you explain your academic or professional activity during the gap.

Which exam is faster to complete – PLAB or USMLE?

PLAB is faster, usually taking under a year if you pass both parts on time. USMLE is longer, involving Step 1, Step 2 CK, and matching into a residency. The duration to complete PLAB vs USMLE path is one of the biggest deciding factors.

Is NEET PG score relevant for PLAB or USMLE?

No. NEET PG is unrelated. Both PLAB and USMLE follow their own licensing criteria. However, a strong academic record does support your medical profile.

Can I get residency immediately after clearing USMLE/PLAB?

USMLE leads to Match-based residency in USA, which can take time. PLAB allows GMC registration and NHS job applications, but residency opportunities after PLAB vs USMLE vary by country and competition.

Shivangi Mishra

Sr. Content Editor

She is an experienced writer and journalist who has extensively covered the education sector in India and Abroad. Now helping Indian aspirants realise their foreign education dream by providing them with relevant content and information through upGrad Abroad. Amateur traveller, loves to read Architectural Digest!

See More

Refer Your Friend & Earn upto ₹40000

Help your friend upgrade to a Global Career and earn rewards together.